Chondroitin
Chondroitin sulfate (galactosaminoglucuronoglycan sulfate) refers to a group of polysulfated glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin-4-sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate, and others. Structurally, the chondroitin molecule resembles heparanoids; it is actually a minor component of danaparoid sodium (a mixture of heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate in a 21:3:1 ratio).It is commonly prepared from bovine or porcine cartilage sources.
Uses and Benefits:
Chondroitin sulfate is marketed for use alone and in combination with glucosamine for musculoskeletal and joint pain. It has been primarily studied for osteoarthritis. Injectable forms are FDA-approved as viscoelastic agents for ophthalmic surgery.
Pharmacology:
Chondroitin sulfate is a mucopolysaccharide that the body uses in the synthesis of cartilage. Its potential chondroprotective properties stem from its role as one of the "building blocks" for synthesis of new cartilage, as well as its inhibition of leukocyte elastase, an inflammatory enzyme that contributes to cartilage degradation.In vitro models demonstrate stimulation of proteoglycan production and collagen and hyaluronic acid syn
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